Ketogenic Diets Deplete Epinephrine. The Aged Have Massive Amounts Of Circulating Catecholamines Compared To The Young. Catecholamine Excess States ARE The Severe COVID Risk States.

Is COVID and Its Spike Protein’s Disease A Vascular Disease Of Endothelial Injury And Subsequent Neurological/Cardiac/Systemic Disease Induced By Catecholamine Dysregulation?

It has long confounded the medical community as to why those who have low blood sugar, or who are on ketogenic diets, have suffered little from the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. I believe there are many factors involved. However, perhaps the most significant factor is that chronic hypoglycemia depletes the body of Epinephrine, one of the major catecholamines inducing fatal cardiac arrhythmias, myocarditis and other neurological complications.

A controlled study of 5 patients with sporadic hypoglycemia, who fulfill the criteriafor ketotic hypoglycemia, demonstrated a deficiency in urinary excretion of epinephrine in response to hypoglycemia resulting from either the infusion of insulin or the administration of a ketogenic diet. It is suggested that “ketotic” hypoglycemia and sporadic hypoglycemia associated with inadequate epinephrine secretion may be the same disease.

Sporadic hypoglycemia: Abnormal epinephrine response to the ketogenic diet or to insulin
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022347671802251

Catecholamine excess has been hypothesized as a major factor in severe and fatal COVID. Indeed, the VERY SAME factors and conditions that are in the severe risk set for COVID, are also synonymous with conditions of catecholamine excess.

Catecholamines have an essential role in the physiological regulation of the cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, and immune systems—those most heavily affected by COVID-19. Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are chromaffin cell tumours that produce and secrete catecholamines, namely adrenaline and noradrenaline, often in supraphysiological amounts.6 Consequently, catecholamine excess states such as PPGL can cause substantial dysregulation of physiological systems, and lead to pronounced changes in pulmonary (vasoplegia), coronary (myocardial infarction), cerebrovascular (stroke), and remaining systemic vascular tone (hypertension), as well as myocardial disease (cardiomyopathies), tachyarrhythmias (benign and fatal), hypercoagulability (thromboembolism), immune dysregulation (cytokine storm), and diabetogenic states; these outcomes are the same as the risk factors that lead to adverse outcomes from COVID-19.

Catecholamine physiology and its implications in patients with COVID-19
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7598304/

In response to ischemia, and I believe particularly in response to the microvascular damage induced by the Spike Protein, the Endothelium itself can synthesize and release catecholamines.

In conclusion, our study demonstrates for the first time that ECs are able to synthesize and release catecholamines in response to ischemia.

Endothelial cells are able to synthesize and release catecholamines both in vitro and in vivo
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22665130/

Another extremely relevant fact, and one which might show why children are far less susceptible to COVID and the (what I call) endothelial disease of its Spike Protein (SPED), is that the aged have ASTRONOMICALLY higher levels of circulating catecholamines than do the young. Please reference the image at the beginning of the post.

Levels were higher in old than in young men (Table 1), whether standing for 5 min (P<0.0001) or lying for 30 min (P<0.01). In a larger sample of ten old men aged 70-92 years (mean 1.867 + 0.257 pmol/ml) and 13 young men aged 19-28 years (mean 1.28 + 0.142 pmol/ml), levels were higher (P <0.05) after 9 h (overnight) recumbency as well.

VARIABILITY OF PLASMA CATECHOLAMINE LEVELS: AGE, DURATION OF POSTURE AND TIME OF DAY
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1429847/pdf/brjclinpharm00232-0063.pdf

If proven true, moderating catecholamines may be a very effective way to treat COVID and SPED. I will continue working on this research.

Once again, a tremendous thank you to all who support me. I am humbled and deeply grateful.