THE MULTISCALE PHATE PAPER AND THE IMMUNE PHENOTYPE OF ADVANCED AGE
We may now understand why women/aged are more affected by Long COVID than men. We may also now more completely understand the unrelenting attack of the Spike Protein on the immune system. In particular; T-cells.
The paper showed that there is a distinct pathogenic CD4+ IFN-γ+ granzyme B+ Th17 cell subpopulation of T-cells. But, what are these T-cells? They are the T-cells of ADVANCED age. And, they are associated with Autoimmunity and Cancer.
Inflamed skin lesions from systemic sclerosis patients are also infiltrated by GZMA+ CD4+ T cells, which can be seen directly encountering human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR+ endothelial cells undergoing apoptosis, suggesting a direct cytotoxic role in end-organ tissue damage (Maehara et al., 2020). Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells are also seen with aging. Increased proportions of clonally expanded, circulating cytotoxic CD4+ T cells are seen in PATIENTS OF ADVANCED AGE, although it is unclear whether these are a bystander of other sequelae or contribute to the aging process (Hashimoto et al., 2019, Mogilenko et al., 2021). Across infection, autoimmunity, and aging, one common theme is the presence of CHRONIC ANTIGEN BURDEN, which may explain the generation or persistence of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in each of these situations, although the contribution of disease-specific contexts must still be carefully considered.
Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells are also detected in human cancer, as shown most recently by single-cell genomic surveys, posing important questions as to their biological and clinical relevance.
Please note that ANTIGEN BURDEN (the continued presence of an antigen, such as the Spike Protein) is paramount in not only INDUCING but PROGRESSING these states of disease.
This also helps solve the puzzle as to why children are not (yet, but believe me, I believe they WILL be, with repeated exposure to the Spike Protein) suffering as much from COVID-19 and why women are more likely to develop Long COVID.
Again, I am concerned that all of this will change as the BATTERING RAM of Spike Protein continually assaults the expression of immune cells.
Referenced/Related Papers
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074761321005070