Friday Hope: Methylene Blue: Anti-Amyloid, Anti-Progeria, Pro-Mitochondria and Anti-Spike

A COVID/Spike Protein Therapeutic... and a Witness

The structure and function of MB. (A) MB is a phenothiazine derivative, and its reduced form is leucoMB. (B) Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is associated with ATP production and ROS production. MB can work as a catalytic redox cycler in mitochondria and bypass Complex I/III activity (Figure adapted from “Electron Transport Chain”, by BioRender, 10 October 2021, retrieved from https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/t-5edadc578a691400acf3c4ec-electron-transport-chain). 

This is my most important Friday Hope post to date.

As readers of my research now know, all my work has essentially shown that the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces all the hallmarks of aging. It is essentially a rapid cellular aging agent. In searching for ways to counter these deleterious effects of the Spike Protein Methylene Blue (MB) appears to be a prodigious candidate. 

The canonical use of MB itself should inform us of its potential to treat COVID, certainly in the acute phase of the disease. 

Methylthioninium chloride, commonly called methylene blue, is a salt used as a dye and as a medication. As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia by converting/chemically reducing the ferric iron in hemoglobin to ferrous iron. 

Methylene blue 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylene_blue 

Methylene blue is a medication used in the management and treatment of methemoglobinemia, a condition in which hemoglobin decreases its ability to carry oxygen.   

Methylene Blue 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557593/ 

However, when it comes to the pathogenic effects of the Spike Protein, its uses become ever more abundant. For example, MB INHIBITS FORMATION OF and BREAKS DOWN Amyloid aggregates. 

Here, with the aid of multiple photochemical analyses, we first report that photoexcited MB molecules can block Aβ42 aggregation in vitro. Furthermore, our in vivo study using Drosophila AD model demonstrates that photoexcited MB is highly effective in suppressing synaptic toxicity, resulting in a reduced damage to the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), an enhanced locomotion, and decreased vacuole in the brain. The hindrance effect is attributed to Aβ42 oxidation by singlet oxygen generated from photoexcited MB. Finally, we show that photoexcited MB possess a capability to disaggregate the pre-existing Aβ42 aggregates and reduce Aβ-induced cytotoxicity. Our work suggests that light illumination can provide an opportunity to boost the efficacies of MB toward photodynamic therapy of AD in future. 

Shedding Light on Alzheimer's β-Amyloidosis: Photosensitized Methylene Blue Inhibits Self-Assembly of β-Amyloid Peptides and Disintegrates Their Aggregates 
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28790398/ 

For those interested, please search my Substack as I hypothesize that the Spike Protein itself is most likely a self-assembling amyloid. Therefore, via the same mechanism, MB should have the same therapeutic benefits. 

I have also observed that the Spike Protein causes accelerated aging, in line with those suffering from Progeria disease. Once again, MB has the ability to ameliorate this accelerated aging phenotype. 

MB has shown potential for the treatment of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), which is a genetic, premature aging disorder caused by a C to T de novo point mutation on exon 11 of the LMNA gene... 

As a mitochondrial antioxidant and highly permeable molecule, MB has demonstrated the ability to rescue HGPS phenotypes [99]. Our group found that MB treatment not only reduced mitochondrial defects but also rescued the transcriptional changes in HGPS. Besides, MB demonstrates the ability to solubilize progerin in the nuclear envelope, correcting the blebbed nuclei of HGPS cells and drastically reducing cellular stress. 

The Potentials of Methylene Blue as an Anti-Aging Drug 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8699482/ 

Now, let's discuss Spike Protein/COVD-specific applications of MB.  

First, MB has the ability to prevent cell entry of the Spike Protein itself. 

Due to our interest in the chemical space of organic dyes to identify potential small-molecule inhibitors (SMIs) for protein-protein interactions (PPIs), we initiated a screen of such compounds to assess their inhibitory activity against the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its cognate receptor ACE2, which is the first critical step initiating the viral attachment and entry of this coronavirus responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As part of this, we found that methylene blue, a tricyclic phenothiazine compound approved by the FDA for the treatment of methemoglobinemia and used for other medical applications (including the inactivation of viruses in blood products prior to transfusion when activated by light), inhibits this interaction. 

Methylene Blue Inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 Spike–ACE2 Protein-Protein Interaction–a Mechanism that can Contribute to its Antiviral Activity Against COVID-19 
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.600372/full 

Additionally, MB is able to effectively treat the Mitochondrial damage caused by the Spike Protein. This not only should help in those suffering the acute phase of COVID, but also those suffering from Long COVID. 

Please note that the Mitochondrial damage referred to, I have also identified as being very similar, or parallel to Radiation damage. 

Growing research on the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on mitochondrial dysfunction, and thus the role of the mitochondria in Long COVID symptoms, has led to an increasing need for pharmacological treatments that repair the mitochondrial function. 

Methylene blue is a pharmacological agent showing appealing results as a treatment for Long COVID, which we suspect is due to its ability to correct mitochondrial dysfunction. When combined with photo-biomodulation, another therapeutic approach targeting mitochondria, the treatment becomes even more effective. 

A significant amount of evidence shows that changes induced by mitochondria, such as oxidative stress, dysfunctional electron transport, Ca2+ imbalance, impaired mitochondrial trafficking, defective mitophagy, and altered mitochondrial dynamics, show some involvement in various brain diseases. 

Since MB is able to correct mitochondrial dysfunction, it shows promise as a treatment for Long COVID. It can target and improve many areas of mitochondrial damage, although the two most notable areas in regard to Long COVID treatment include oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation because they have the greatest impact on neurons. 

The benefits of MB on other neurological diseases that are related to mitochondrial dysfunction, such as stroke and Parkinson’s disease, have been well documented. We have also seen improvements in our patients when treating Long COVID with MB, further supporting the use of MB to correct cases of mitochondrial dysfunction for those with neurological conditions. 

Treating Long COVID Neurological Symptoms with Methylene Blue 
https://amaregenmed.com/articles-long-covid/long-covid-neurological-symptoms-treatment-with-methylene-blue/ 

The big picture? I believe HOW MB works in treating Spike Protein/COVID pathology is a testament to the true nature of the Spike Protein – a Witness. From the beginning I have believed and proven that, ultimately, the Spike Protein is a rapid aging agent. By observing what works AGAINST it, we can understand what it IS. 

NB: The above, though based on published research, is not medical advice and needs further evaluation and testing. MB, when used incorrectly, can cause very serious side effects. Please consult your Primary Care Provider before using MB, or any other supplement or medication. 

I wish you all a wonderful weekend and thank you for your continued moral and financial support. I will continue working.